The New Straits Times published an article entitled "Malaysia has a gift for the world" on 16 December 2011. It was written by Distinguished Professor Dato' Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, Founding Director of the Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), and Deputy Chair, National Professors Council of Malaysia (MPN).
He has allowed me to reproduce the full text of his paper from which the newspaper article was pruned. Please see below.
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| Shamsul Amri Baharuddin |
By Shamsul Amri Baharuddin
Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Najib Razak introduced his idea of a “Global Movement of the Moderates” (GMM) in his speech
at the UN General Assembly, New York on 27 September 2010.
As he put it:
“…Across all religions we have
inadvertently allowed the ugly voices of the periphery to drown out the many
voices of reason and common sense. I therefore urge us to embark on building a ‘Global
Movement of the Moderates’ from all faiths who are committed to work together
to combat and marginalize extremists who have held the world hostage with their
bigotry and bias.”
Towards the end of his speech
Najib showcased Malaysia as a model of moderateness and ‘equilibrium’; a
country that is multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-cultural and democratic
but has ably managed its diversity through the promotion of mutual respect,
peaceful coexistence, positive interaction and synergies between the various
communities and faiths.
“It is this equilibrium that
leads to moderation or ‘wasatiyyah’ in the Islamic tradition of mutual
justice,” said Najib.
[Wasatiyyah, an Arabic term, has
been translated as ‘intermediacy’ by Hamid Ahmad Al-Rifaie, Al-Wasattiyah:
An Orthodox Pivot for Dialogue of Cultures, Series of ‘To Know Each Other’,
No. 19, International Islamic Forum for Dialogue, Jeddah: Al-Medinah Press,
2005, p.15. For Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi it refers to “a set of principles on
moderate and balanced thought,” please see, “The 30 Principles of
Principles of Moderate and Balanced Thought”, this opinion appeared on 22
February 2010 in http://www.suhaibwebb.com/islam-studies/the-30-principles-of-wasatiyyah/]
Since September 2010 he has made
many more speeches on the global stage (Turkey, Australia, UK, USA) as well as
locally (too numerous to list) extolling the virtues of being ‘moderate’ and
making known his idea for a GMM.
On 12 November 2011, in a speech
at the East-West Centre, Hawaii, Najib spoke about the inaugural International
Conference on the Global Movement of the Moderates, to take place in Kuala
Lumpur from 17 to 19 January, 2012.
The keyword is ‘inaugural.’ It
indicates that, whatever has been said in the last year about GMM, or ‘wasatiyyah’,
was just to test the waters. It is a clear signal that from this conference
onwards we would give serious consideration to this matter.
Let us scrutinize briefly both
the concept and content of the GMM and why it should be known as the GMM, not
the GWM (Global Wasattiyah Movement). This will encourage a consistent
global understanding of the central concept of moderate and avoid confusion
occurring among interested international supporters of the GMM.
In the literal, generic and
everyday usage of the word, being a ‘moderate’ is a rational and common sense
orientation in terms of a person’s social behaviour, as opposed to being an
extremist and worse still, as a violent extremist. In short, being ‘moderate’ is
being ‘non-violent’ and/or ‘peaceful.’ This is very much in line with the
definition of peace in the Global Peace Index 2011, which is ‘the absence of
violence.’
Malaysia was ranked 19th out of 153 countries listed in the
Index but it is first in Southeast Asia, second in Asia, behind Japan, and
fourth in the Asia-Pacific region, after New Zealand, Japan and Australia. In 2007, Malaysia was ranked 38th, and its improved position in 2011
only demonstrates an increased intensity in its peace and stability goals,
hence the term ‘moderateness.’
People and governments globally
are alarmed when violent extremist behaviour escalates into a full-scale war --
from the behaviour of an individual to that of a larger social movement based
on historical, religious, economic or political justification -- which subsequently
costs the lives of hundreds and thousands of innocent people. The return to moderateness,
therefore, is not only a rational and logical thing to do but also an
imperative necessity.
The moot question is, who is
going to champion ‘moderateness’ at the social collective level, especially on
the global stage?
The answer: Najib and Malaysia. If adopted
globally, Malaysia’s proposal could re-define and transform the Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) into GMM.
GMM is a deceptively simple,
rational and logical agenda for the largest of social movements. However,
embarking on this task involves complex diplomatic maneuvers and suave realpolitik. The GMM campaign invites a huge
risk, both for the Prime Minister and Malaysia, given the reality of a global
politics shaped by the prejudiced perceptions of the world’s media. In
the spirit of NIKE’s ‘impossible is nothing’ GMM’s possible success ensures a
handsome and long-term reward for the global community.
The period of floating the idea
is over. Now we are getting down to business!
This fundamental premise of GMM was supported at the 8th ASEM meeting in Brussels in October 2010 and it is now endorsed
internationally by the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) 2011
Final Communiqué in Para 7(g).
Para 7 states CHOGM’s central
agenda in “maintaining
their commitment to a stable and secure national and international environment,
as a foundation for sustainable growth and resilience for Commonwealth countries
and the broader international community.”
The CHOGM, in Para 7(g), is
committed to improving international security, by taking a number of steps, one
of which is by “embracing moderation as an important value to overcome all
forms of extremism, as called for in the ‘Global Movement of the Moderates’.”
For Najib and Malaysia, it is
time to drop the use of the term wasatiyyah, however important the term
is, politically, for the domestic Malaysian audience, as the ‘moderate’ concept
is now relevant in a global context.
Any advertising company worth
its salt would say that we cannot continue to use the two words, ‘moderates’
and ‘wasatiyyah’, simultaneously or interchangeably. They are connected
but carry different meanings when translated from Arabic to English. The world
has now endorsed the English concept, as stated in the CHOGM 2011 Final
Communiqué.
Perhaps the ‘National Seminar
on Understanding Wasatiyyah & 1Malaysia’, a curtain raiser for the UMNO
General Assembly 2011 held on 26 November 2011, should be the last occasion the
word wasatiyyah was used in connection with GMM. After the disappearance of ‘madani’
and ‘hadhari’ in the quicksand of Malaysian politics, to drop wasatiyyah
is wise.
The ‘Islamic’ political mileage
notwithstanding, the stark reality is that we need to stick to ‘moderate’ now
because globally it is known as GMM not GWM.
The next step is more critical.
This concept has to be carefully deliberated and skillfully elaborated, with
clear implementable strategies for action, devoid of rhetoric. This is deemed necessary if GMM
is to remain on the global stage and to find a permanent place in the landscape
of global political idiom and activism, along with ‘glasnost’, ‘clash of
civilizations’, ‘non-alignment’, and ‘sustainable development’.
In short, GMM has to have
substance.
Najib has showcased Malaysia as
a case study and a model of moderateness. He believes that it is the ‘equilibrium’
that exists within Malaysian society “that leads to moderation or wasatiyyah.”
What is this ‘equilibrium’?
How do we explain to a leader
from Africa or a non-governmental organisation member from Latin America or a
high school kid from Japan or a young demonstrator at Tahrir Square, Cairo,
about this phenomena called ‘equilibrium,’ which is the key to ‘moderateness’?
Before we can explain this, the
PM’s team of ‘thinkers’ have to deliberate upon the following: first, the
concept of ‘equilibrium’; second, the methods taken by the Malaysian government
thus far to achieve it; third, the practical steps needed to build and sustain
it; fourth, the strategy for monitoring results, in the short- and long-term;
fifth, evaluating success, failure and any unintended consequences; and
finally, how to put all these in a comprehensive package, for instance, from kindergarten
to adulthood, as a procedure which could be applied globally.
Does Malaysia have these to
offer to the world on the 17th January 2012? We must assume that we have because the
occasion to launch the GMM has such serious global implications.
In the process of producing a
credible document and eventually a full-fledged GMM do-it-yourself package for
global distribution, we need to clarify the social phenomenon labeled as ‘equilibrium’
by the PM in order to explain the origin and pre-conditions of the state of
moderateness that Malaysia has enjoyed so far.
In the logic of causal
relations, a situation of ‘equilibrium’ that exists in Malaysia must have been
the result of ‘something else.’ In other words, Malaysia must have done
something right to have successfully created a situation of ‘balance’ in its
society, hence ‘moderateness’ in its social outcomes which have led to its
position in the Global Peace Index next to Australia.
Sociologically speaking, a
state of ‘equilibrium’ or ‘balance’ in a society could only be achieved if sets
of ‘opposites’ or ‘contradictions’ that exist within it have been successfully ‘realigned
and arrived at a point of convergence’, including the acknowledgement to agree
to disagree. These factors are necessary pre-conditions for ‘equilibrium.’
In the plural, fragmented and
diversified Malaysian society, this ‘equilibrium’ has been brought about by a
surprisingly unrecognized and intense ongoing social process of realignment and
convergence called ‘social cohesion,’ which, in turn, is the origin and
pre-condition of the Malaysian state of ‘moderateness’ that encouraged the PM
to launch his GMM.
Perhaps we have been so
engrossed in our pursuit of ‘national unity’ that we have failed to recognize our achievements in the last four decades since the May 13, 1969
tragedy, that is, peace and stability, in the form of ‘social cohesion’ created
by serious efforts, official and non-official, rooted in a genuine desire to
achieve ‘national unity’.
Put simply, ‘social cohesion’
in Malaysia is about how the plural, fragmented and diverse components of our
society, characterized by deep opposites and contradictions, have been able,
through a continuous process of negotiation, consensus and compromise, to rise
above it all in a most mature manner, to embrace peace and reject any form of
violence for long-term mutual survival, sustainability and resilience.
The GMM promoted by Najib will
showcase Malaysia’s social cohesion to the world, not only in terms of how we
have managed to bring it about through an endless series of ‘fire-fighting’
efforts, but also how we have monitored and calibrated it through an early
warning system which has been constructed, as a pre-emptive and preventive
strategy, to suit our peculiar circumstances, with the possibility of it being
applied in other societies necessarily in a modified from
.
Essentially, the GMM is more
than just wasatiyyah for it is an integration of tireless top-down
efforts and imaginative bottom-up activism of ideas, practices and commitment,
by Malaysians for Malaysia, for the rest of the world to share.
This is the message, concept and package we must deliver at the inaugural conference on GMM in
mid-January 2012 as a gift from Malaysia to the world.
